Palestine Situation Report | June 2025

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Since the collapse of the ceasefire in Gaza in March 2025, Israeli military operations have escalated, resulting in thousands of casualties and injuries, as well as the further destruction of civilian infrastructure and new waves of forced displacement. From March 2 until May 18, Israeli authorities imposed a full blockade on Gaza, bringing humanitarian efforts to a standstill. On May 19, Israel allowed the first few aid trucks to enter Gaza, though U.N. humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher described the trucks as a “drop in the ocean of what is urgently needed,” as distribution issues keep aid from reaching affected populations.

Military operations in the West Bank continue to escalate under a campaign which began on January 21, 2025. On May 1, authorities issued demolition orders for 106 homes in the Tulkarm and Nur Shams refugee camps, exacerbating the ongoing displacement of thousands of Palestinian refugees.

Due to its irreversible nature, international law prohibits an occupying power from conducting such a process in occupied territories. As the actions of the Israeli government display a clear violation of international law, OHCHR has raised concerns that the process will be used to obtain Palestinian land and consolidate the annexation of the West Bank.

Violence in Gaza and the West Bank

Since October 7, 2023, the Ministry of Health in Gaza reported that at least 55,104 Palestinians have been killed and 127,394 have been injured. A UN special committee warned Gaza may be experiencing “another Nakba”, as Israel expands its confiscation of land. 

Between December 2024 and March 2025, reports from UNFPA indicate an increase in various forms of gender-based violence, with intimate partner violence, particularly psychological and emotional abuse, among the most commonly reported.

Since January 2025, more than 300 people have been injured as a result of settler attacks in the West Bank. Between June 3 and June 16, at least 46 settler attacks resulted in property damage, casualties, or both.

Displacement and Shelter

According to the Site Management Cluster, more than 680,000 people in Gaza have been displaced and forced to seek refuge in severely overcrowded displacement sites since the resumption of hostilities on March 18. Between May 15 and June 17, the intensified Israeli military offensive forcibly displaced nearly 242,000, reflecting both a growing trend of direct attacks on displacement sites and an increasing vulnerability of shelter locations.

Large areas of Gaza City, already heavily damaged by previous bombings, have been declared unsafe, with residents instructed to evacuate ahead of intense strikes announced by the Israeli military. As thousands of civilians shelter in buildings highlighted by Israel, there is significant risk of mass casualties.

In the northern West Bank, approximately 44,000 Palestinians have been displaced since January, taking refuge in public buildings, homes of relatives, or rented accommodations. As Palestinians’ freedom of movement is restricted, access to livelihoods, healthcare, education, and other essential services is impeded, directly contributing to the worsening humanitarian conditions.

Health

Gaza’s medical system continues towards complete collapse, strained by surges in traumatic injuries, damaged facilities, and critical shortages of staff and supplies.

In May, the United Nation’s OCHA reported at least 29 attacks on healthcare infrastructure. As fuel is not allowed into Gaza, and access to fuel reserves is suspended, life-saving services are at risk of shutting down, including 80% of critical care units necessary for births and medical emergencies.

Displaced families in southern Gaza are facing an escalating public health crisis as rising temperatures, accumulating raw sewage, and mounting waste contribute to the spread of disease. With limited access to clean water and hygiene facilities, there has been a reported increase in infectious diseases and sexually transmitted infections, including among pregnant women, increasing their risk of complications.

Of the West Bank’s health facilities, 63% are partially functional, and 2% remain non-operational. Facilities are facing shortages of medicines and supplies, including those necessary for trauma, emergency, and chronic disease services. WHO additionally reports that access to healthcare, including emergency services, in the West Bank is hindered by obstructions and detentions at checkpoints, full closures in areas affected by Israeli military operations, militarized searches of healthcare personnel/facilities/vehicles, and the prior coordination requirement for the movement of ambulances.

Economy

The World Bank’s Conflict Severity Index classifies the ongoing conflict as the tenth most severe economic crisis since 1960. The World Bank estimates that GDP per capita in Gaza is unlikely to return to pre-war levels until 2038, while the West Bank is expected to recover by 2028.

A survey from World Vision found that three in four families in the West Bank are now living below the deep poverty line and are unable to cover their most essential costs.

Education

In Gaza, an estimated 660,000 children remain out of school due to the war. Despite efforts by the Ministry of Education to resume the educational process during the now collapsed ceasefire, incessant bombardment and forced displacement orders have lowered attendance rates. Temporarily established learning spaces lack proper resources, such as textbooks, notepaper, pencils, and erasers, leaving them unable to provide adequate instruction.

In the West Bank as well, escalating military operations have disrupted schooling, with 849 Israeli movement obstacles affecting children’s and teachers’ safe access to schools throughout the region.

Food Security and Livelihoods

As acute food insecurity grips the entire population of Gaza, one in every five people is at risk of starvation, marking a severe deterioration in comparison to the previous Integrated Food Security Phase Classification IPC analysis released in October 2024. Currently, all of Gaza is classified in IPC Phase 3 (Crisis) or above.

The Ministry of Health reports that 57 children have died from malnutrition since the blockade of aid began on March 2.

And in the West Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that at least 700,000 people require food assistance, a 99% increase from before the war.

Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

A survey conducted by the WASH Cluster revealed that conditions in Gaza have worsened between March and April due to the escalation of hostilities and blockade of aid. At least 70% of critical water infrastructure has been damaged or destroyed.

Due to a lack of access to landfills, the North Gaza governorate, eastern Gaza city, and many overcrowded displacement sites no longer enjoy solid waste collection and disposal, leading to the further deterioration of public health conditions.

Anera’s Response

Since October 2023, Anera has delivered over 65 million meals in Gaza, including food parcels, fresh produce, hot meals, and bread. To address critical water needs, Anera delivered over 3.1 million gallons of water.

In the health sector, Anera provided 1,801 health clinic days, offering free healthcare and over 6.6 million treatments near shelters.

Anera also prioritized hygiene, distributing 76,853 hygiene kits to help prevent the spread of illness in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. 

To support education continuity, Anera established 33 temporary learning spaces, enabling children to continue their studies despite displacement.

Anera also distributed 35,369 tarps and 7,127 tents, offering displaced families much-needed shelter.

As the situation continues to evolve, Anera remains committed to responding swiftly and effectively to the urgent needs on the ground.